Currently, the common canine infectious diseases frequently appearing domestically mainly include rabies, canine distemper, canine parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis, and canine parainfluenza. Their occurrence and transmission are very rapid. If treatment measures are not taken promptly, infected dogs may die within a short time, even showing malignant outbreak patterns, meaning the disease cannot be saved once detected. To fundamentally and effectively prevent the outbreak and epidemic of these infectious diseases, the most effective method is to inject canine vaccines. However, the vaccine protection rate is not 100%, and many factors influence vaccine effectiveness. Therefore, several issues should be noted before and after canine vaccination to ensure scientific use. What issues should be noted when injecting vaccines for dogs? Precautions for dog vaccination.

(1) Consider the impact of maternal antibodies on the puppy's immune response. Maternal antibodies are beneficial for early infection resistance in puppies, but they are the most common factor interfering with vaccine immunity. If the timing is not well controlled and vaccination occurs too early when maternal antibody titers are still high, maternal antibodies may neutralize some vaccine antigens, causing the body to produce fewer antibodies, thus not only failing to prevent disease but also making disease occurrence more likely.

(2) It is not advisable to vaccinate dogs immediately after they have just been transferred to a new group or newly purchased. Various stress factors such as environmental adaptation issues, travel fatigue, and changes in feeding time and food type will reduce the immunity of newly transferred or newly purchased dogs. Vaccinating at this time not only produces poor immunity but may also cause some diseases. Therefore, newly transferred or newly purchased dogs should not be vaccinated immediately; they should first receive high-immunity serum or immunoglobulin injections at a reliable animal hospital 2 to 3 times, and only after adapting to the environment and diet should vaccination be done.

(3) Vaccination of pregnant dogs should be cautious. Generally, pregnant dogs should not be injected with live attenuated vaccines but can use inactivated vaccines. This is because the strong immune response induced by live attenuated vaccines can harm the fetus. Research shows that canine parvovirus live vaccines and canine adenovirus live vaccines can damage the fetus. Therefore, live attenuated vaccines should be avoided during the dog's pregnancy as much as possible.

(4) Immunity should be boosted timely. Many dog owners think that one vaccination can provide lifelong protection, but that is incorrect. This is because after the initial vaccination, antibody levels gradually decline over time, becoming insufficient for protection, so booster shots must be given annually.

(1) Body temperature: The normal body temperature of dogs is 37.5~38.5°C. Temperature changes can affect the immune response. When the temperature is high, vaccine injection can cause some clinical symptoms and can suppress the replication of attenuated strains. Low body temperature can suppress the dog's cellular immune system and affect antibody production. Therefore, both high and low body temperatures may lead to immunization failure.

(2) Nutrition: Although immune response reduction due to nutritional deficiency is very rare, deficiencies in dog vitamins and selenium are related to vaccine suppression. Reports indicate that deficiencies in vitamins and selenium may lead to more cases of canine distemper.

(3) Internal and external parasites: The presence of internal and external parasites has long been considered a complex stress state. Recently, it has been proven that certain parasites (such as canine demodex mites) may act as direct immunosuppressants. Therefore, preventive vaccinations should only be performed after the animal has fully recovered from parasitic diseases.