2. Pointer (Brittany Spaniel)
History: Early pointers were assistants used by hunters to catch quail with nets. When hunting with shotguns became popular in the 18th century, the Spanish Pointer was introduced to Europe. This breed uses its nose to track prey along the ground. To quickly improve the early, slow-moving large type's scenting ability, breeders added Greyhound and English Hound bloodlines, resulting in today’s English Pointer, which then spread worldwide.
Different from the English Pointer is the breed developed in 17th-century Germany by crossing German hunting dogs and Spanish Pointers with bloodhounds. The modern German Shorthaired Pointer, which appeared in the 19th century, is an improved breed later infused with English Pointer bloodlines.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.
Foxhound (FOXHOUND)
History: The history of the Foxhound traces back to the 13th century when fox hunting was organized in England. Its lineage is believed to originate from the extinct St. Hubert Hound or the ancestor of the bloodhound foxhound. In the 1770s, George Washington played a significant role in improving the foxhound breed by mixing it with French hunting dog bloodlines, producing his own American foxhound breed.
Later, the foxhound was bred with Irish foxhounds and English hunting dogs to produce faster-legged breeds than the American foxhound. Compared to the English type, the American foxhound is lighter in body, has a narrower chest, and longer ears. It is used for hunting in the U.S. and often exhibited.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.
Saluki (SALUKI)
History: Originally from the Middle East in ancient times, its name comes from the now desert-buried Arab city of Saluq. It was used by various desert nomadic tribes from the Caspian Sea to the Sahara Desert. Porcelain from 4200 BC Persia depicts images resembling the Saluki. Legend has it that ancient Pharaohs held eagles on their hands to be guided by Salukis during hunts; mummified Salukis have been found in Egyptian tombs.
During the Middle Ages, Muslim hunters regarded this breed as 'a gift from Arabia,' and because of this religious belief, Salukis were allowed to consume prey even prohibited by the four religions' fasting rules. The Saluki is also known as the Gazelle Hound, Arab Hunting Dog, or Persian Greyhound. Judging by appearance, this breed is closely related to another ancient breed, the Afghan Hound.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.
Irish Wolfhound (IRISH WOLFHOUND)
History: This breed belongs to tall, coarse-coated ancestral types, commonly used to hunt wolves, elk, and wild boars. Irish Wolfhounds were popular among nobles and often given as gifts, leading King Oliver Cromwell to issue an export ban from Britain. By the early 18th century, as the last wolf in Scotland was killed and Ireland eliminated wild wolves by 1766, the famous Irish Wolfhound breed gradually declined.
In the 19th century, British Army officer George Graham worked hard to breed them, rekindling public interest in the breed.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.
Basset Hound (BASSET-HOUND)
History: Developed in late 16th-century France, the English name “Basset” derives from the French “bas” meaning low. This breed has a distinctive head and keen sense of smell, evolved from bloodhounds into a small-sized variety, and was introduced to England in the 19th century.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.
Beagle (BEAGLE)
History: The smallest of the hunting dogs, with roots tracing to ancient Greece. The Roman-French mixed peoples raised this breed for rabbit hunting. It was introduced to England in 1066. Because of its small size, it was often carried in pockets, hence called the pocket beagle; today’s beagle breed developed from this.
Elizabeth I, William II, and George III all kept beagles and used them for hunting in the hills of Sussex's Brighton. The Beagle Club was founded in England in 1895 and later introduced to the U.S.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8.
Whippet (WHIPPET)
History: In Victorian England’s northeast mining communities, terriers were crossed with small greyhounds. The improved breed was used for coursing contests or hunting rabbits and hares. Due to the cruelty of these contests, they were banned in England and replaced with fabric chasing contests, where a handkerchief is waved as a signal and the Whippet races towards its owner.
This competition remains popular in northern England, serving as festival entertainment.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.
Rhodesian Ridgeback (RHODESIAN RIDGEBACK)
History: Around the 16th-17th centuries, European settlers brought bloodhounds, mastiffs, and various terriers to South Africa. These were crossbred with local wild dogs—the African Hottentot Hunting Dog—to create today’s Ridgeback. Ridgebacks can endure 24 hours without water and tolerate the extreme temperature changes of African interiors, making them excellent hunting dogs.
Used in packs to hunt leopards, buffalo, and antelope.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10.
Dachshunds (DACHSHUNDS)
History: Images of this long-bodied, short-legged breed appear on ancient Egyptian temple murals, while sculptures and clay models have been found in Mexico, Greece, Peru, and mainland China. Fossil remains resembling dachshunds have been unearthed from Roman-era German sites, indicating purebred origins in the region.
Dachshunds come in short-haired, long-haired, and wire-haired varieties, with standard and miniature sizes, totaling six types. They share basic traits, differing mainly in size and coat. Early miniature types originated from crossing terriers with the smallest, lightest dachshunds.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11.
Basenji (BSSENJI)
History: The Basenji’s ancestors date back to ancient Egypt, with many carvings in pharaohs’ tombs resembling Basenjis. About 100 years ago, Westerners discovered this breed in central Africa, using it as a hunting dog. Introduced to England in the early 20th century, Basenjis contracted distemper due to lack of immunity but began breeding in England in 1937 and in the United States in 1941.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12.
Bloodhound (BLOOD HOUND)
History: One of the oldest and purest hunting dog breeds, originally from Belgium.
First bred in Belgium as hunting dogs in the 8th century under the name St. Hubert Hound. This breed was favored by the French royal family. In 1066, King William brought it to England, where it was improved over centuries to become today’s Bloodhound.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13.
Afghan Hound (AFGHAN HOUND)
History: Also known as the Kabul Hound, an ancient breed. Paintings 4000 years ago in Afghanistan depict dogs resembling this breed. Originally from the Middle East, it spread along trade routes to Afghanistan, used for hunting gazelles, wolves, and snow leopards. Introduced to England in 1886, and later to the United States in 1926.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.
Greyhound (GREYHOUND)
History: Originating in the Middle East, Greyhounds and smaller Italian Greyhounds were brought to Europe by Persian traders. In medieval Europe, they were highly favored by nobility, kept as companion dogs.
Heraldic emblems often feature greyhound heads; they appear on French royal and King Henry VIII's helmets. Greyhounds can reach remarkable speeds and never miss when chasing small game like rabbits. Originally, live rabbits were chased, now mechanical rabbits are used for training.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15.
Borzoi (RUSSIAN WOLFHOUND)
History: The Borzoi is a short-coated, sight hound from the Middle East, brought north and improved by breeding with long-haired local sheepdogs, producing a strong dog with a thick coat for cold weather. It was a traditional noble gift. In 1842, the Russian Emperor gifted one to Queen Victoria and later to Duchess Sandra.
In Norfolk, breeding with local Collies produced a new long-haired Collie breed with slender, elegant white back hair known as the Borzoi.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16.
Baset Griffon Vendeen (SHORT-LEGGED ROUGH-HAIRED HOUND)
History: An ancient hunting dog breed. Before the 19th century, it was essentially a rough-coated short-legged hunting dog. Large types were developed to hunt wolves and still hunt wild boar today. Types include the Norman, Gascon, and Breton short-legged hounds, the largest French short-legged breeds.
Smaller dogs were developed through selective breeding.

---------------------------

17.
Cocker Spaniel (COCKER SPANIEL)
History: Spaniel means “Spanish dog,” traced from the old term 'espaignol.'
As the name suggests, spaniels originated in 14th-century Spain. Before 1600, various spaniels were widely used in Western Europe for hunting. By the 18th century, England divided spaniels into two types: the small spaniel and the cocker spaniel. The breed familiar today was established by the 19th century and was most popular in England by 1930.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18.
Labrador Retriever (LABRADOR RETRIEVER)
History: Not originally from Labrador Peninsula as the name suggests, but from Newfoundland's coasts where they were trained to retrieve fishing nets in icy waters and carry loads. In the 19th century, Newfoundland fishermen brought Labradors to England for sale.
Thus, the breed quickly entered England as a gun dog. The Earl of Montebello named the breed Labrador Retriever.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19.
Golden Retriever (GOLDEN RETRIEVER)
History: There is controversy about the original birthplace of the Golden Retriever, but it is generally considered a late 19th-century developed breed. Initially called the Russian tracking dog, it was crossbred with Flat-coated Retrievers, Bloodhounds, and Water Spaniels.
This breeding resulted in a natural retriever with excellent tracking ability and keen observation.
First exhibited in 1908, it became very popular worldwide.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20.
Italian Bracco (BRACCO ITALIANO)
History: The Italian Bracco dates back to the 5th century BC. It originated from crossbreeding Mastiffs native to Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and the swift Egyptian sight hounds.
It has bloodlines from modern European and Spanish pointers.
In the Middle Ages, it was used by hunters and falconers as assistants and later became a prominent gun dog breed.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21.
Pug (PUG)
History: The origins of the Pug are debated. Some experts think it came from Scottish lowlands, introduced to Asia and then brought back to the West by Dutch merchants. Others believe it is an eastern breed from the short-haired Beijing dog crossed with bulldogs. Some say it descends from the French Bordeaux Mastiff small types and was featured in many artworks.
During the Victorian era, the breed reached peak popularity.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22.
Japanese Chin (JAPANESE CHIN)
History: This breed has a long history dating back 2700 years.
It was introduced from China in 732 AD (the 4th year of Emperor Shomu's reign). Highly favored by royalty and aristocrats, especially noted for its exotic small size.
In 1853, Admiral Perry brought several Japanese Chins to the West, finally introducing this elegant breed to Westerners.
After arriving in America, the breed suffered a virus that nearly caused extinction. The population is now increasing on both sides of the Atlantic.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23.
Papillon (PAPILLON)
History: The origins of the Papillon cannot be precisely traced. First recorded in 1545 with a traded butterfly-eared spaniel.
Some believe its ancestor was a spaniel brought from China to Spain. In the 16th century, Papillons were popular among Spanish and French nobility, establishing their position in the dog world.
For example, Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed with her King Charles Spaniel, and Marie Antoinette was executed with a Papillon at her side.
In the 19th century, French and Belgian breeders developed erect-eared varieties.
The ear's fringed hair looks like fluttering butterflies, giving the breed its name. U.S. and U.K. breeders strive to breed smaller types than in other countries.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24.
King Charles Spaniel (KING CHARLES SPANIEL)
History: Originated from China or elsewhere. Long used as hunting dogs in France.
Arrived in England in the early 16th century.
In the early 19th century, bred for hunting pheasants, selectively bred to produce modern types with good temperament and shorter noses.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25.
Maltese Dog (MALTESE DOG)
History: Originates from Malta or Sicily, one of the oldest breeds.
Statues resembling this breed appear in 13th-century BC Egyptian tombs. The dog arrived in England around 55 BC with Roman armies.
Before the medieval period, it was a daily companion of European nobility and has remained well-known.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

26.
Shih Tzu (SHIH TZU)
History: The exact origin of the Shih Tzu remains unclear, but Tibetan Buddhism offers many clues.
The Buddhist deity Manjushri is often depicted carrying a small lion-like dog.
Tibetan Lhasa Apso, resembling a lion, is believed to be closely related to the Shih Tzu.

--------------------------

27.
Alaskan Malamute (ALASKAN MALAMUTE)
History: Named after the Malamute tribe of Alaska. Early North American records mention this breed.
It is a well-proportioned, robust dog with endurance and toughness, prized for pulling sleds in Arctic conditions.
Due to interbreeding with imported breeds in Alaska’s early days, the breed nearly became extinct. In 1926, the U.S. implemented purebred preservation efforts.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

28.
Dobermann (DOBERMANN)
History: Between 1865-1870, German tax collector Louis Dobermann developed a superior guard dog by crossing various breeds, though no detailed breeding records remain.
It is believed the breed includes local herding dogs, the Rottweiler, Manchester Terrier, and Greyhound.
In 1900, the German Kennel Club officially recognized the Dobermann, which then spread to England and the U.S.
During WWI, Dobermanns served as front-line sentries and scouts, later widely used as police dogs.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

29.
German Shepherd (GERMAN SHEPHERD)
History: The German Shepherd’s ancestry is uncertain, but the breed was established in Germany by 1880.
Traditionally used for herding, it distinguished itself during WWI.
It gained fame in the U.S. and U.K. after appearing in films in 1920 and 1950.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

30.
Chow Chow (CHOW CHOW)
History: Historically regarded as enemies of evil spirits, Chow Chows were guardians of temples.
Known as Tartar dogs, indigenous dogs, or Chinese fox dogs.
Originated in Mongolia, later brought to China as guard dogs to prevent invasion and as noble hunting dogs.
Unfortunately, the breed has been used for meat and fur.
The coat comes in long and short varieties; long features a mane-like ruff resembling a folded collar, while short is dense and erect.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31.
Dalmatian (DALMATIAN)
History: The origin of this breed remains unclear. Due to frequent participation in British noble events, it is sometimes considered British.
Others believe it originated in northern India.
In the Middle Ages, it traveled with Gypsy caravans through Dalmatia and Yugoslavia to Europe, hence the name.
Some also claim the breed originated in Egypt or Greece.
Besides the spotted feature, Dalmatians closely resemble pointers, suggesting a connection.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

32.
Bullmastiff (BULLMASTIFF)
History: The UK banned poaching and severely punished offenders. Poachers, to avoid detection or jail, considered killing gamekeepers.
Thus, the Bullmastiff became the protector and companion of gamekeepers.
This breed combines the courage and fierceness of bulldogs with the strength, speed, and keen smell of mastiffs.
Famous as night watch dogs, upon command, they immediately attack, pinning intruders without injuring them.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

33.
Bulldog (BULLDOG)
History: Bullbaiting for entertainment, making dogs attack bulls, was banned by law in 1835 after lasting six centuries in England.
Before the 17th century, dogs used for bullbaiting were called bulldogs.
These were reportedly more aggressive than today’s bulldogs.
Based on this, ancestors likely came from mastiff breeds brought to England around the 6th century BC.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

34.
Shar Pei (SHAR PEI)
History: Paintings from China's Han Dynasty depict dogs resembling the Shar Pei, tracing its history to 206-220 AD.
Some believe the breed descends from now-extinct large dogs from northern China and Tibet 2000 years ago.
The breed once faced extinction.
In 1947, Chinese dog taxes increased sharply; owners stopped breeding Shar Peis due to low profits, reducing their numbers.
Efforts by American breeders in the 1970s helped preserve the breed.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

35.
Siberian Husky (SIBERIAN HUSKY)
History: Bred by the nomadic Inuit Chukchi people of East and West Siberia.
Used for sled pulling, reindeer herding, and guarding.
Can work in harsh Siberian environments.
For centuries, it lived primarily in Siberia.
Brought to America by fur traders in the early 20th century.
It quickly became a world-renowned sled dog race champion and is now a beloved companion dog.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

36.
Rottweiler (ROTTWEILER)
History: After the Roman army withdrew, they left large mastiff dogs in southern Europe, which became famous for wild boar hunting.
During the Middle Ages, German Rottweil breeders crossed these Roman dogs with local shepherds to create the Rottweiler.
Butchers used Rottweilers as livestock guards and police dogs, also called 'Rottweil butcher’s dogs.'
In the early 19th century, laws banning traditional cattle herding and rail transport reduced their popularity.
Enthusiasts revived the breed’s fame in 1900, introducing it to England and the U.S. by 1930.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

37.
Old English Sheepdog (OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG)
History: Farmers in western England developed this agile herding dog to drive livestock to pastures.
Its ancestors include long-bearded sheepdogs and various European herding breeds.
Widely used in agricultural areas during the 19th century.
Debuted publicly at the 1873 English exhibition.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

38.
Rough Collie (ROUGH COLLIE)
History: Originating from the Scottish Lowlands, named after the local term for the breed.