Using correct training methods along with the assistance of external facilities can greatly help us improve the effectiveness of training dogs. In fact, most enhancement effects are due to a conditioned stimulus; some encourage the dog's behavior, while others aim to suppress undesirable behavior.

　　1. Positive reinforcement training effect: After the dog performs a certain behavior, give a reward to increase the frequency of that behavior.

　　2. Negative reinforcement training effect: After the dog performs a certain behavior, remove a negative stimulus to increase the frequency of the positive behavior.

　　3. Positive punishment: After the dog performs a certain behavior, do something that the dog dislikes to reduce the occurrence of that behavior.

　　4. Negative punishment: After the dog performs a certain behavior, reduce something the dog likes to reduce the occurrence of that behavior.

　　Positive means providing, giving, or increasing; negative means removing; reinforcement means increasing the frequency of the behavior afterward; punishment means decreasing the frequency of the behavior afterward. Actually, some simple examples can illustrate this:

　　Positive reinforcement training effect: When the dog urinates in the correct spot, give some treats as a reward, which increases the frequency of the dog’s activity in that place.

　　Negative reinforcement training effect: If the dog doesn’t want to fasten the seatbelt when getting into the car, the car emits an annoying sound reminder until the seatbelt is fastened. After several tries, the dog cooperates well to fasten the seatbelt in order to avoid the disturbing noise.

　　Positive punishment: When the dog tries to enter the kitchen, make a strange sound to scare it. After multiple occurrences, the dog will fear entering the kitchen and may even avoid it completely.

　　Negative punishment: If the dog refuses to eat obediently, take away the food at the scheduled time and do not feed any other food afterward.