First, let's understand in what form guide dogs exist. Guide dogs are a special type of dog, trained working and companion dogs that help visually impaired individuals walk normally and maintain a regular life, enabling disabled people to live independently. However, guide dogs are not born knowing how to guide; before becoming guide dogs, they must undergo extensive training.

　　First, the vast majority of guide dogs come from guide dog schools and are puppies with excellent bloodlines. This is not out of vanity but because they are working dogs. For human safety and training cost considerations, it must be clear that they have no record of aggression towards humans and no history of hereditary diseases. In China, the puppies typically trained as guide dogs belong to two breeds—Golden Retrievers and Labrador Retrievers.

　　Second, puppies go to foster families at two months old to learn “social life”: fixed-point toileting, training to remain calm in restaurants and when using public transportation. For example, to train a guide dog’s response when encountering stairs, trainers take the puppy to the stairs, tap the stairs or other objects with their hands, causing the puppy to stop and turn its side to lean against the trainer. This is repeated over and over until the puppy forms the habit of automatically stopping when seeing stairs and turning its body to block people. The success rate must reach 99%. They also learn to lie quietly under seats and adapt to various environments, especially familiarizing themselves with human living environments. When the dog is about one to one and a half years old, its temperament stabilizes and its acceptance and response abilities are optimal. At this point, the dog is brought back to the training center, where trainers begin work-related guide dog training.

　　Third, puppies are trained to smoothly complete all basic skills. Training their reaction to encountering obstacles is essentially teaching the dog

　　After about 6 to 10 months, puppies begin pairing with blind owners to train together. Owners learn how to work with the guide dog, how to give commands, how to feed, and so on. The puppy learns about the new owner’s living and working environment. If both parties coordinate well, the guide dog will be taken home by the blind person, officially starting “on-the-job work.” That is the guide dog training manual.